filter sand
Filter Sand
Sand filters are used as a step in the water treatment process of water purification.
There are three main types; rapid (gravity) sand filters, upward flow sand filters and slow sand filters. All three methods are used extensively in the water industry throughout the world. The first two require the use of flocculant chemicals to work effectively while slow sand filters can produce very high quality water with pathogens removal from 90% to >99% (depending on the strains), taste and odour without the need for chemical aids.[1] Sand filters can, apart from being used in water treatment plants, be used for water purification in singular households as they use materials which are available for most people.
Sand Bed Filtration Concept
A sand bed filter is a kind of depth filter. Broadly, there are two types of filters for separating particulate solids from fluids:
1. Surface filters, where particulates are captured on a permeable surface
2. Depth filters, where particulates are captured within a porous body of material.[4]
In addition, there are passive and active devices for causing solid-liquid separation such as settling tanks, self-cleaning screen filters, hydrocyclones and centrifuges.
There are several kinds of depth filters, some employing fibrous material and others employing granular materials. Sand bed filters are an example of a granular loose media depth filter. They are usually used to separate small amounts parts per million or 10 g per cubic metre) of fine solids 100 micrometres, from aqueous solutions. In addition, they are usually used to purify the fluid rather than capture the solids as a valuable material. Therefore they find most of their uses in liquid effluent (wastewater) treatment.
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